A TV Globo [ a ] é uma comunidade brasileira de tv aberta de negócios . É assistido por meio de mais de duzentos milhões de seres humanos diariamente, no Brasil ou no exterior . [ 13 ] [ 14 ] É a segunda maior comunidade de TV de negócios no mercado internacional , atrás apenas da North American American Broadcasting Company (ABC), [ 15 ] atingindo 98,60% do território brasileiro, abrangendo cinco .490 municípios e cerca de 99,55% da população total brasileira . [ 13 ]
A emissora também é uma das mais importantes produtoras de novelas do mercado internacional e faz parte do Grupo Globo, um dos principais conglomerados de mídia do planeta. [ 16 ] [ 17 ] [ 18 ] Ao todo, conta com cento e vinte emissoras próprias e afiliadas , [ 19 ] à semelhança das emissoras no exterior por meio de TV Globo Internacional e um serviço de assinatura nos eua . [ oito ] [ 20 ] O sinal da Globo também pode ser obtido na Internet através do vídeo on demand Globoplay .
Embora em cinco de janeiro de 1951, no curso das autoridades de Eurico Gaspar Dutra, a Rádio Globo tenha implementado pela primeira vez uma concessão de televisão , tornou -se mais conveniente em julho de 1957 que o então presidente Juscelino Kubitschek autorizou a concessão; sobre a cessão de dezembro dos iguais 12 meses , o Conselho Nacional de Telecomunicações publicou um decreto que cedeu o canal quatro do Rio de Janeiro à TV Globo Ltda. [ 21 ] A emissora começou a funcionar em 26 de abril de 1965 e se transformou em sede por intermédio do jornalista Roberto Marinho. 12 meses após o início de suas operações, tornou -se a quarta maior emissora dentro dos EUA em termos de mercado - alvo , crescendo posições até atingir a gestão em 1969. [ 22 ] [ 23 ]
Globo's administrative headquarters are placed withinside the Jardim Botânico neighborhood , placed in the South Zone of the town of Rio de Janeiro , in which the journalism branch additionally operates. The primary manufacturing studios are placed at Estúdios Globo , in Jacarepaguá , in the West Zone of the town, which contains the most important tv complicated in Latin America . [ 24 ] The sports activities branch, which turned into antigamente localizada dentro do Jardim Botânico com jornalismo, atualmente está localizada dentro do bairro Barra da Tijuca, na Zona Oeste. A partir do Rio. A comunidade também tem programação nacional e estúdios de fabricação em São Paulo.
História
Ver artigo principal: História da TV Globo
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On January five, 1951, in the course of the authorities of Eurico Gaspar Dutra , Rádio Globo implemented for its first tv concession. The request turned into analyzed via way of means of the Radio Technical Commission, which issued a positive opinion at the concession, permitted via way of means of the authorities months later, on March 13. By this time, however, the usa had a brand new president, Getúlio Vargas . Two years later, in January 1953, opposite to the opinion of the Technical Commission, Vargas went again and revoked the concession. It turned into handiest in June 1957 that the then president Juscelino Kubitschek permitted the TV concession for Rádio Globo and, on December 30 of the equal 12 months, the National Telecommunications Council posted a decree granting channel four in Rio de Janeiro to TV Globe Ltd.[ 21 ]
In 1962, an settlement signed among Time-Life and Grupo Globo furnished Roberto Marinho with get right of entry to to capital of 3 hundred million cruzeiros (six million dollars , consistent with the documentary Beyond Citizen Kane ), [ 25 ] which assured him assets to shop for gadget and infrastructure for Globo. [ 26 ]
At the give up of 1964, the station's first installations have been offered to the press. During the army dictatorship , its first programming director turned into Captain Abdon Torres, who confident newshounds that once the station went at the air, maximum packages could already be geared up, recorded on videotape . The obligation for constructing the centers turned into held via way of means of 3 engineers, led via way of means of General Lauro de Medeiros. There could be 3 studios, an auditorium with 4 hundred seats and different centers. Except for the auditorium on the second one floor, the general public could now no longer have get right of entry to to another rooms. Producers Haroldo Costa and Domingos de Oliveira already had plans geared up for numerous packages, even as the directorGraça Mello had already decided on dozens of actors, presenters and announcers. With this shape, the station sought to be the primary in organization, many of the others in Rio de Janeiro. [09/
TV Tupi , on the time the most important broadcaster withinside the usa, have been installation with a capital of 3 hundred thousand dollars. [ 25 ] The settlement turned into wondered in 1965 via way of means of federal deputies withinside the CPI of TV Globo, as it'd be unlawful beneathneath article one hundred sixty of the Constitution on the time , which prohibited the participation of overseas capital withinside the control or possession of conversation organizations. [ 25 ] [ 26 ] According to Marinho, the settlement handiest furnished for technical help from Time-Life . [ 26 ] The CPI ended with an adverse opinion at the broadcaster, however in October 1967 the consultant-popular of the RepublicAdroaldo Mesquita da Costa issued an opinion thinking about that there has been no partnership among the 2 organizations. [ 26 ] With that, the state of affairs of TV Globo turned into formally legalized. [ 26 ] Even so, Marinho determined to terminate the settlement with Time-Life , repaying the organization thru loans taken from country wide banks and finishing the settlement in July 1971. [ 26 ]
Foundation
TV Globo turned into formally based on April 26, 1965 at 10:forty five am, with the transmission of the kid's software Uni Duni Tê . [ 28 ] The kid's collection Capitão Furacão and the telejournal Tele Globo , the embryo of the contemporary-day Jornal Nacional , have been additionally withinside the programming for the primary few days . TV Globo's first 8 months have been a failure, which caused the hiring of Walter Clark , 29 years antique on the time, for the placement of popular director of the community. [ 25 ] Clark turned into in large part accountable for the achievement of the community. [ 25 ]In January 1966, Rio de Janeiro suffered one in every of its worst floods; multiple hundred human beings died and about twenty thousand have been left homeless. TV Globo's stay insurance of the tragedy turned into a milestone withinside the community's history, [ 25 ] which performed its first network campaign, centralizing the gathering of donations in of its studios. At that time, the transmission of photos turned into nevertheless in black and white. [ 29 ] That equal 12 months, Globo arrived withinside the kingdom of São Paulo [ 30 ] with the purchase of channel five, que, considerando 1952 , funcionava como TV Paulista, de propriedade via meios das Organizações Victor Costa . Lafaiete, semelhante a um hiperlink de micro-ondas que ligava Rio de Janeiro a São Paulo.
Roberto Marinho at the start of his career.
It turned into at the moment that the federal authorities, led via way of means of Marshal Costa e Silva , gave precedence to the improvement of a contemporary-day telecommunications system, growing the Ministry of Communications and granting the populace a line of credit score for the acquisition of televisions. [ 25 ] Another impetus turned into a decree organized via way of means of Minister Delfim Neto that exempted radio and tv organizations from import tax on gadget, this allowed the corporation to resume itself and on the equal time use the professional greenback trade price to lessen its import expenses. . [ 31 ] Furthermore, with the appearance of videotape, the manufacturing of neighborhood packages quickly have become scarce, with maximum of the programming produced in Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo, which spurred the big broadcasters in those towns to shape country wide networks. [ 25 ] It turned into on this situation that TV Globo commenced as a community of affiliated stations on September 1, 1969, while Jornal Nacional , the primary country wide tv news software, [ 25 ] turned into broadcast today . via way of means of the broadcaster and target target market chief on the time. [ 28 ] The first software turned into offered via way of means of Hilton Gomes and Cid Moreira. That equal 12 months, Globo made its first satellite tv for pc broadcast, showing, direct from Rome , an interview among Hilton Gomes and Pope Paul VI . [ 32 ] The following 12 months, in the course of the 1970 FIFA World Cup in Mexico, the broadcaster obtained experimental colour indicators from Embratel . [ 32 ] Two years later, in the course of the exhibition of the Festa da Uva de Caxias do Sul , the primary professional colour transmission of Brazilian tv took place. [ 32 ] With 3 stations in 1969 (Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo and Belo Horizonte), in 1973 there have been 11 stations.[ 31 ]
On April 28, 1974, Jornal Nacional commenced to be broadcast in colour, 3 days after it commenced its global insurance of the Carnation Revolution . In the equal 12 months, the primary unique of the 12 months-give up of the singer Roberto Carlos is broadcast , nevertheless a culture withinside the station. [ 32 ] In 1975, TV Globo commenced to broadcast an amazing a part of its programming concurrently at some point of the usa, consolidating itself as a tv community. [ 32 ] From that second on, he commenced to construct what could turn out to be regarded as the Globo Quality Standard.. Prime time commenced to be packed with mild-themed telenovelas among brief and artificial newscasts (Praça TV and Jornal Nacional ), a telenovela with a noble manufacturing and with a more potent plot, which could from then on be called " the 8 o'clock cleaning soap opera " . and from 10 pm onwards, a line of collection, miniseries, movies and/or Globo Repórter . The constant grid shape is utilized by Globo to this day. [ 86533;/-
Audience growth and management
During this period, Globo confronted problems in its growth. [ 21 ] The army regime denied Roberto Marinho's organization requests for channel concessions withinside the towns of João Pessoa ( PB ) and Curitiba ( PR ). [ 21 ] The community factors this out as proof that it turned into doing impartial journalism that every now and then clashed with the hobbies of the authorities and that it did now no longer attain favors from the regime. [ 21 ] However, a passage from the book Dossier Geisel , a compilation of papers from the non-public archive of former President Ernesto Geisel, brings every other model of the army authorities's refusal to provide greater channels to Grupo Globo. [ 36 ] The regime commenced to be worried approximately the monopolization of the telecommunications zone via way of means of Roberto Marinho's organization and attempted to save you the corporation from developing further. [ 36 ] Globo's very own stations have been bought from personal individuals: in São Paulo and Recife from Organizações Victor Costa and in Belo Horizonte from João Batista do Amaral. [ 21 ] Until today, the opposite broadcasters that make up the community are associates, that is, they're associated, however now no longer owned via way of means of Grupo Globo. [ 21 ]Censorship turned into now no longer confined to news, it turned into additionally lively in entertainment. There have been limitless instances of censorship of Globo's dramaturgy. The maximum extreme turned into the ban, days earlier than the most appropriate, of the cleaning soap opera Roque Santeiro , in 1975. . But this turned into now no longer the handiestcaso. Em dezembro de 1976, a novela Despedida de Casado tornou-se adicionalmente censurada às vésperas de seu melhor momento , embora já tivesse gravado cerca de 30 capítulos. [ 21 ]
O apresentador William Bonner entrevistou a presidente recém-eleita Dilma Rousseff em novembro de 2010
The first telenovela proven via way of means of Globo at eight pm turned into O Ébrio , via way of means of José Castellar, in 1965. [ 37 ] Although O Rei dos Ciganos , via way of means of Moysés Weltman, [ 38 ] [ 39 ] and A Sombra de Rebecca , via way of means of Glória Magadan , [ forty ] have been proven on the time in 1966 and 1967, respectively, handiest with the access of Janete Clair withinside the script of Anastácia, a Mulher sem Destino , at first via way of means of Emiliano Queiroz , that the shape that might later turn out to be traditional as "[ 38 ] [ 41 ] From O Ébrio to Passione in 2010, seventy four productions have been proven that have been called " novela das 8 " , and from Insensato Coração in 2011, the station began out to name it [ 42 ] [ 43 ] Also in 1965, the 19:00 slot turned into released, with Rosinha do Sobrado , [ 44 ] and 70 productions have been proven considering then. [ 44 ]At 6 pm, the primary telenovela broadcast turned into Meu Pedacinho de Chão , via way of means of Benedito Ruy Barbosa , in 1971. More than 60 productions have been aired after this one. [ forty five ]
Between 1965 and 1979, Globo additionally had a fourth slot (which have become the 5th because the most appropriate of Malhação in 1995) for telenovelas, at 10 pm. The first manufacturing proven at the moment turned into additionally the primary telenovela to be proven via way of means of the community: Ilusões Perdidas , via way of means of Ênia Petri. [ 46 ] Sinal de Alerta , via way of means of Dias Gomes , turned into the final telenovela to be proven on the time in the course of that period. [ 47 ] [ 48 ] On activities the fourth time slot turned into "resurrected": Eu Prometo , via way of means of Janete Clair , turned into proven as a "novela das ten" in 1983[ 49 ] and Araponga , byDias Gomes, turned into proven in 1990 at 9:30 pm. [ 50 ] From 2011, there has been a brand new denomination of cleaning soap opera on Globo, the "novela das 11", which turned into formerly the "novela das ten", being in a manner an strive via way of means of the broadcaster to boom the target target market index withinside the busy time. till then via way of means of miniseries, collection and different packages. The first telenovela featured at the music turned into O Astro ,remakeofthe 1977 model. [ 51 ] In 1976, the station exported its first telenovelas. [ 32 ]
In 1977, all of the station's programming have become in colour, formerly restrained to cleaning soap operas and newscasts. [ 32 ] That equal 12 months Walter Clark turned into changed via way of means of Boni as director popular. [ 25 ] In 1979, Globo commenced to develop virtual computer graphics technology. [ 32 ] enforcing satellite tv for pc transmission in 1982 . [ 32 ] In the 1980s, he consolidated his role as target target market chief with telenovelas such as A Gata Comeu , Vereda Tropical and O Salvador da Pátria., and additionally miniseries such as O Tempo e o Vento and O Pagador de Promessas . In 1990, however, for the primary and handiest time because the give up of Rede Tupi, he confronted opposition in teledramaturgy with the achievement of the telenovela Pantanal via way of means of Rede Manchete . [ 52 ] In the 1990s, Globo performed the primary interactive reports on tv, in Fantástico and Você Decide , achieving new target target market facts with the telenovelas Mulheres de Areia , A Viagem and A Próxima Vítima . [ 32 ]
XXI century
Since the early 2000s, no matter hits such as Mulheres Apaixonadas , Senhora do Destino , Alma Gêmea and Da Cor do Pecado , [ 32 ] Globo has recorded constant declines in its ratings. The boom in profits induced adjustments withinside the intake behavior of Brazilians with reference to tv. [ 53 ] People depart domestic greater and migrate, albeit barely, to pay- TV . [ 53 ] In addition, the internet has attracted a part of the target target market formerly captive of broadcast tv stations. [ 53] Globo's common target target market dropped from 56% in 2004 to 42% in 2013 inthe São Paulo Metropolitan Region, [ 53 ] the principle marketplace for advertisers. Even so, the participation of broadcasters in marketing and marketing grew in 2012 and reached 65% of the total, amounting to 19.five billion reais. [ 53 ] It is predicted that the community and its associates took 80% of the value, due in element to the achievement of the telenovelas Cheias de Charme and Avenida Brasil . [ 53 ] In addition, thefederal governmentinvested withinside the station rose from 370 million reais in 2000 to 495 million in 2012. [ 53 ]
In 2018, Grupo Globo began out a technique of unification among TV Globo, Globosat , Globo.com and Globoplay , withinside the Uma Só Globo project, aiming to pay attention the operations of those, dispersed, in a unmarried shape. [ 54 ] Completion of the primary element turned into made professional and introduced in 2021. [ 55 ] [ 56 ]
Identification
Logo
The first emblem turned into created with the inspiration of the station in 1965. Initially it turned into a compass rose, whose suggestions resemble the range 4, range of the station in Rio de Janeiro. [ 57 ] It turned into created via way of means of Aloísio Magalhães , one of these accountable for the growth of layout in Brazil. It turned into changed in 1966, giving manner to a circle with 3 traços geográficos , que aludiam a um "globo", que se tornou usado até 1976. [ 57 ] Nos 12 meses iguais , recebeu uma variante por meio do qual esse emblema ganhou, posteriormente a ele. , 9 anéis, representando as 9 emissoras afiliadas da época, consequentemente formando a “Rede Globo”. [ 58 ]
Emblema da Globo usado de 1966 a 1976
The first idea of the contemporary-day emblem turned into offered in 1976. [ 57 ] It consists of a blue sphere with a rectangle with rounded corners and choppy edges. [ 57 ] Within this rectangle sits a small, medium-sized sphere. [ 57 ] The layout is via way of means of Austrian designer Hans Donner and turned into sketched on a paper napkin. According to him, the sector represents the sector and the rectangle a tv display that presentations the sector itself. [ 57 ]Two grayish versions of the logo changed it: in 1981 and 1983, respectively. As of 1985, in commemoration of the station's twenty years, its emblem turned into the 3-dimensional metal range twenty whose aspects shaped the Globo emblem. In 1986, the emblem received the 3-dimensional and multicolored shape used till today. The first variant consisted of a hole metal sphere with a coloured square opening (with blue, green, yellow and purple bands, representing colour TV) and the smaller sphere placed in its center. [ 59 ]
In 1992, the sector is not grey and will become mild blue and loses its opaque impact, gaining mirrored image, and the coloured rectangle will become a mosaic of triangles. The traces of the mirrored image underwent minor adjustments with later adjustments and lasted till 2008. In 1995, on the thirtieth anniversary of the broadcaster, the Globo emblem turned into offered at the aspect with the rectangle and the center ball symbolizing the range "0", and the aspect left, the "three". In 1996, the emblem profits greater shine and loses its mild blue colour to a darker blue. During 1999, the logo had exceptional versions in the course of the "A New Emotion Every Day" campaign. Both have been adjustments handiest to the region of the display's colour spectrum, which received ripples of water over it: one with the impact of a drop in a lake and the opposite with the impact of waves in an ocean. [59 ] During the birthday party of 35 years in 2000, the logo received a bluish, much less vibrant tone, and its mirrored image have become barely simplified. From then on, the Glass Globe turned into extensively utilized for all of the programming and for the inter-software vignettes. With forty years in 2005, got here a logo with a lighter and clearer tone. The use of black backgrounds for the emblem is not predominant, in prefer of lighter hues. The emblem created that 12 months additionally marked the final moments wherein it offered the four:three display, the mosaic with triangles and the mirrored image traces considering 1992, which underwent adjustments consistent with the alternate of the emblem, keeping the unique idea. The emblem made its first look on the flip of the 12 months 2004/2005, at the degree of that 12 months's Show da Virada edition .
In 2008, the emblem adapts to virtual tv , which turned into applied in Brazil on December 2, 2007, with the display layout changed from four:three to 16:9. The triangles of the coloured mosaic at the canvas have been changed via way of means of horizontal traces, which withinside the vignettes are shaped via way of means of triangular prisms. Reflections had been redone from scratch; consistent with Donner, they constitute the form of a smile. From then on, a unmarried emblem turned into used for the community's very own stations. [ 59 ] This turned into additionally the final emblem to function the metal impact and static coloured bands considering 1986.
In 2013, monochromatic variations of the 2008 emblem have been created for the calls, every one various consistent with the marketed attraction. In 2014, the station underwent a brand new visible overhaul, wherein the colours received motion withinside the globe and the metal grey turned into changed via way of means of white. [ 57 ] [ 60 ] [ 61 ] In 2015, in new adjustments, the white will become clean and loses inner reflections. [ 62 ]
In 2021, Globo adopts a brand new visible identity, primarily based totally at the aggregate of vibrant hues in gradient, to finalize the unification of a few organizations of the organization — preferred considering the start of the 2000s — and which commenced to be adhered to at the broadcaster’s virtual platforms. [ 63 ] [ 64 ] [ 65 ] [ 66 ] Em 1º de dezembro do mesmo ano , a comunidade lançou formalmente novas variações do emblema , conceituadas dentro do conjunto de tons brancos e fluorescentes em todo o mundo. [ 67 ] [ 68 ] [ 69 ]
